Is smoking a risk factor for developing occupational asthma?

The following references have been associated with this question by users of this website. They do not form part of the BOHRF occupational asthma guidelines.

burgeps	Caldeira 2006	No increased risk with smoking found
burgeps	Larsen 2007	Smoking doubled the risk of disease and sensitisation A study of manufacturers of a mixed (and unspecified) group of enzymes studied prospectively. The incidence of sensitisation and disease was measured for the first 3 years of exposure only. The incidence for sensitisation was 0.13/person year at risk and for disease (asthma, rhinitis or urticaria) 0.03/person year at risk. There was no relationship betweem measured exposure and incidence, but incidence reduced over time (1970-2002), during which time more atopics were employed. Atopy was a risk factor for sensitisation but not disease, smoking was a risk factor for disease and sensitisation (x2). It is likely that the air measurement did not fully represent exposures, and that the initial exclusion of atopics was a confouding factor. Within the first 3 years 10-5% developed disease (decreasing over time); of those with disease 55% had asthma.
burgeps	Svanes 2015	Risk of asthma in cleaners was increased by adverse childhood factors. The paper used a "disadvantage factor" made up of any of; maternal smoking; severe infection under 5; born December-February; mother >35